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> Batrachoidiformes (Toadfishes) > Batrachoididae (Toadfishes) > Batrachoidinae
Etymology: Batrachoides: Greek, batrachos = frog + Greek, oides = similar (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 1 - 36 m (Ref. 13608). Tropical; 16°N - 14°S, 87°W - 34°W

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Western Central Atlantic: Honduras to Salvador (Bahia) in Brazil.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 20.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 57.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3273); common length : 35.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3273); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 2.3 kg (Ref. 5217)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 3; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 28 - 30; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 25 - 27. Supraorbital and interorbital region smooth, without any filament; scaled area on head extending to middle of eye and opercle spine; 9 discrete pores on inner face of pectoral fin; body brown, with black spots and saddle-shaped blotches (Ref. 13608).

Mainly in brackish water (Ref. 5217). Found on sandy-muddy bottoms in shallow warm water. Not so active, lingers over the substrate disguised. Feeds on small gastropod mollusks, crustaceans like crabs (Calappidae, Portunidae, Xanthidae, etc.), shrimps (Penaeidae, Palaemonidae, Alphaeidae, etc.) and fishes. Females are mature at around 20 cm length, males at 25 cm. Spawns 400 to 500 eggs, with a size of 4 to 5 mm (Ref. 35237). Marketed fresh.

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Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Collette, Bruce B. | Medewerkers

Collette, B.B., 1978. Batrachoididae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 1. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3273)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquarium: Commercieel

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 27.1 - 28.3, mean 27.6 °C (based on 300 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00485 - 0.01241), b=3.15 (3.01 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.62 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 102 [53, 175] mg/100g; Iron = 0.946 [0.603, 1.455] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.26 [0.15, 0.46] g/100g; Selenium = 48 [27, 94] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22 [9, 54] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.29 [0.98, 1.75] mg/100g (wet weight);

Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)