分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Euthynnus: Greek, eu = good + Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54439). 熱帶; 18°C - 29°C (Ref. 168); 35°N - 38°S, 19°E - 137°W (Ref. 54439)
Indo-West Pacific: in warm waters including oceanic islands and archipelagos. A few stray specimens have been collected in the Eastern Central Pacific. Highly migratory.
印度-西太平洋: 在溫暖的水域包括大洋性島嶼與群島中。 一些迷途的標本曾經在中太平洋東部收集。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 42.3, range 40 - 65 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); common length : 60.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大体重: 14.0 kg (Ref. 30874); 最大年龄: 6 年 (Ref. 121508)
背棘 (总数) : 10 - 15; 背的软条 (总数) : 11 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 15; 脊椎骨: 39. This species is distinguished by the following characters: medium-sized fish with a robust, elongate and fusiform body; teeth small and conical, in a single series; total gill rakers on first gill arch 29-34; D1 XI-XIV with both dorsal fins separated by only a narrow interspace (not wider than eye), anterior spines of first fin much higher than those midway, giving fin a strongly concave outline; D2 much lower than first and followed by 8-10 finlets; anal fin followed by 6-8 finlets; pectoral fins short, never reaching interspace between dorsal fins; 2 flaps (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins; very slender caudal peduncle with a prominent lateral keel between 2 small keels at base of caudal fin; body naked except for corselet and lateral line. Colour of back dark blue with a complicated striped pattern which does not extend forward beyond middle of first dorsal fin; lower sides and belly silvery white; several characteristic dark spots between pelvic and pectoral fins (but may not always be present) (Ref. 9684, 90102).
泳鳔不存在。 椎骨突起的没有痕迹。 第一背鳍的前面棘比那些中间者高许多。 腹鳍间的突起小而两裂的。 身体裸露的除了甲胄与侧线。 背部的在后部部分具有一个断掉斜的斑纹的图案。
Occurs in open waters but always remains close to the shoreline. The young may enter bays and harbors. Forms multi-species schools by size with other scombrid species comprising from 100 to over 5,000 individuals. A highly opportunistic predator feeding indiscriminately on small fishes, especially on clupeoids and atherinids; also on squids, crustaceans and zooplankton. Caught in multispecies fisheries, mainly by surface trolling; also with gill nets. Generally marketed canned and frozen; also utilized dried, salted, smoked and fresh (Ref. 9684).
出现于开放的水域但是总是逗留在接近海岸线。 幼鱼可能进入海湾与港湾。 形成多鱼种的依大小形成鱼群从 100 到超过 5,000个个体包含的与其它的鲭鱼种在一起。 不加选择地捕食小鱼的一个高度随机的掠食者, 尤其吃鲱鱼与银汉鱼; 也吃乌贼，甲壳动物与浮游动物.(参考文献 9684) 通常在市场上销售罐装及冷冻; 也利用乾燥的，盐腌的, 烟熏 (参考文献 9684) 与生鲜地.(参考文献 9987)
印度-西太平洋: 在溫暖的水域包括大洋性島嶼與群島中。 一些迷途的標本曾經在中太平洋東部收集。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.7 - 28.5, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1384 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00862 - 0.01160), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.6 (1.2 - 2.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.4-0.5; tm=3; Fec=210,000).
Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.32, Based on 5 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.9 [9.6, 171.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.28 [0.88, 5.97] mg/100g; Protein = 23.1 [21.1, 24.7] %; Omega3 = 0.235 [0.129, 0.428] g/100g; Selenium = 70.6 [35.4, 143.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [5.4, 77.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.408 [0.211, 1.643] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
