分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶; 13°N - 11°S, 77°W - 35°W
Western Atlantic: Caribbean and Atlantic draining rivers and estuaries from Colombia to Brazil.
西大西洋: 加勒比海與大西洋注入來自哥倫比亞到巴西的河與河口。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 36.6 range ? - 44.7 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3265); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3265); 最大體重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 5217); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 51629)
背棘 (總數) : 1. The head is more or less flattened, the nostril nearly rounded, mouth inferior. There are three pairs of barbels, 1 pair of maxillary barbel and 2 pairs of mandibular barbels.
頭部約略被平的, 鼻孔接近圓形的, 嘴下方的。 有三對觸鬚， 1對上頜骨觸鬚與 2 對顎的觸鬚。
Inhabits mainly brackish estuaries and lagoons. Occurs also in freshwaters (Ref. 58022). Found on shallow muddy bottoms (Ref. 5217). Feeds on fish and shrimps. Two annual cycles of slower growth occur during the dry seasons (March and August to November). Life span is three to four years. Sexually mature at 1.5 to 2 years of age. Reproduction takes place from November to April. Consumed as food (Ref. 35381). Marketed fresh. The skull is sold throughout the world as crucifix.
主要棲息於半鹹淡的河口與潟湖。 也生存在淡水中。 (參考文獻 58022) 棲息於泥濘的淺水底部.。 (參考文獻 5217) 捕食魚類與蝦。 緩慢生長的一年兩次的週期在乾季 (三月與八月到十一月) 的時候出現。 生命期是三到四年。 在 1.5 到 2 歲時性成熟。 繁殖發生從十一月到四月。 被當作食物.(參考文獻 35381) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.。 頭蓋骨在世界各處被賣當作十字架。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Pairing involved in reproduction. Mouth brooding may be employed (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 加勒比海與大西洋注入來自哥倫比亞到巴西的河與河口。
Taylor, W.R. and N.A. Menezes, 1978. Ariidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3265)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.9 - 27.8, mean 27.4 °C (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00397 - 0.01051), b=3.15 (3.01 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=1.5; tmax=3.5; K=0.5).
Prior r = 0.98, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.47, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 98.3 [51.2, 205.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.09 [0.68, 1.92] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.6, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.169 [0.095, 0.304] g/100g; Selenium = 68.5 [33.7, 141.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.1 [6.8, 40.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.811 [0.533, 1.257] mg/100g (wet weight);
