Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina associadas(os) a recifes; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 20 - 200 m (Ref. 36128). Subtropical; 32°N - 35°S, 18°E - 157°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Philippines, north to southern Japan and Korea, south to northern Australia. Introduced into the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 45.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 7050); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3476); peso máx. publicado: 3.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 9 - 10; Raios dorsais (total) : 13; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 13. Brownish or grayish above, whitish below; caudal fin 2-3 horizontal black stripes (Ref. 4315). Head strongly depressed. Preopercular spines 2, lower usually longest. Vomerine teeth in a single transverse band. Dorsal fin I,VII,I, I,I,VII,I or I,VIII, 13. Anteriormost lateral line scale usually with a small spine or ridge. Diagonal scale rows slanting backward above lateral line 83-107. Iris lappet a single elongated lobe. Identified by the distinctive color pattern on the caudal fin: centrally yellow and black stripes on upper and lower margins (Ref. 48635).
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 5213, 48635). Frequently in estuaries, juveniles have been taken in freshwater. Taken by handlining and seining in shallow waters and by trawling at depths to 30 m, usually less (Ref. 9790). A good food fish (Ref. 4315) that is marketed fresh (Ref. 5284). Commercially cultured in Japan. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Also Ref. 103751.
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.7 - 28.3, mean 26.5 °C (based on 979 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00398 - 0.00631), b=3.05 (2.98 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.64, 95% CL = 0.42 - 0.96, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.2 [3.4, 132.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.32, 3.24] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.5, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.211 [0.090, 0.614] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [16.2, 149.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [8.7, 99.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.763 [0.357, 1.425] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
