Issue
Type locality: Baja California Sur, Inner Gorda Bank, 23°02'N, 109°31'W.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 8 - 55 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 33°N - 14°N, 115°W - 98°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California south to Jalisco, Mexico.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 105 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 40637); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 14.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 11; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 16 - 18; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 10 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: adults with pale grey to brown with purplish tint underwater; body, median fins and rear part of the head covered with small dark reddish brown spots; faint irregular dark spots on dusky pectoral and pelvic fins; dusky blotches on the dorsolateral part of the body; angular preopercle, with serrate lobe at the angle; posterior nostrils not greatly enlarged in adults; rear margin of caudal fin scalloped, with exserted rays (Ref. 89707).
Found on rocky reefs. Common on fields of large boulders with gorgonians and black corals. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 89707).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.8 - 27.4, mean 22.9 °C (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00429 - 0.02028), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Rất thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là hơn 14 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.9 [13.1, 36.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.455 [0.250, 0.763] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.084, 0.197] g/100g; Selenium = 39.1 [21.5, 72.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 108 [38, 346] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.766 [0.534, 1.079] mg/100g (wet weight);