أشلاق (القروش و الشفانين) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Issue
The few specimens examined of this species are most probably teratologic individuals of Leucoraja fullonica. A doubtful species until genetic/molecular clues are provided and published (B. Séret, pers.comm. 03/09) (Ref. 78469:14).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع. Subtropical
Northeast Atlantic: known only from the French Mediterranean coast and Gulf of Genoa in Italy.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3167)
Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).
Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984. Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.1 - 15.2, mean 13.9 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00124 - 0.00582), b=3.26 (3.09 - 3.43), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).