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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Auxis: Greek, auxis = a variety of tunna (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 9340). 熱帶; ? - 28°C (Ref. 168); 61°N - 51°S, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific (Western): including the Mediterranean Sea. The eastern Pacific population is recognized as subspecies Auxis rochei eudorax (Ref. 32349). Highly migratory species.
大西洋，印度洋與太平洋: 包括地中海。 東太平洋族群被鑑定為亞種 Auxis rochei eudorax 。 (參考文獻 32349) 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 125574)
背棘 (总数) : 9 - 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 14. Back bluish, turning to deep purple or almost black on head. Scaleless area with pattern of 15 or more fairly broad, nearly vertical dark bars. Belly white. Pectoral and pelvic fins purple, their inner sides black. Body robust, elongate and rounded. Teeth small and conical, in a single series. Pectoral fins short, not reaching vertical line from anterior margin of scaleless area above corselet. A large, single-pointed flap (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins. Body naked except for corselet, which is well developed in its posterior part 9 more than 6 scales wide under second dorsal-fin origin). A strong central keel on each side of caudal-fin base between 2 smaller keels (Ref 9684).
背面蓝色的, 变到深的紫色或几乎黑色的在头部上。 无鳞片的区域用 15个或更多的图案非常宽的, 几乎黑色纵带。 腹部白色的。 胸鳍与腹鳍紫色, 他们的内部侧边黑色。 身体结实的, 细长的而且圆的。 齿小而锥形, 成单一列。 胸鳍短, 不达到在甲胄上面的来自无鳞片区域的前缘的垂直的线。 在腹鳍之间的一个大又单个-尖的鳃盖 (interpelvic 突起)。 身体裸露的除了甲胄, 在第二背鳍-鳍的起源下面在它的较后面的部分中是发展良好的 9个超过 6个鳞片宽的). 在 2个较小的龙骨脊 (参考文献 9684) 之间的尾鳍基底的两边上的一个强的中央龙骨脊.
Adults are principally caught in coastal waters and around islands (Ref. 9340). Form schools. Feed on small fishes, particularly anchovies, crustaceans (especially crab and stomatopod larvae) and squids. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Because of their abundance, they are considered an important element of the food web, particularly as forage for other species of commercial interest. Also caught with encircling nets and troll lines (Ref. 9340). Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9340) and also dried or salted, smoked and canned (Ref. 9987).
成鱼是在主要地捕获的沿岸水域与岛的周围.(参考文献 9340) 形成鱼群。 吃小鱼, 特别地 鱼，甲壳动物 (尤其螃蟹与口足目幼生) 与乌贼。 由于他们的丰度, 他们被认为食物网的一个重要要素, 特别地作为其他有商业价值的鱼种的食物。 也用围网与延绳钓捕获。 (参考文献 9340) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻 (参考文献 9340) 而乾燥或盐腌, 烟熏了而且装于罐头.(参考文献 9987)
Fecundity ranges between 31,000 and 103,000 eggs per spawning according to the size of the fish. 大西洋，印度洋與太平洋: 包括地中海。 東太平洋族群被鑑定為亞種 Auxis rochei eudorax 。 (參考文獻 32349) 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Collette, B.B. and C.R. Aadland, 1996. Revision of the frigate tunas (Scombridae, Auxis), with descriptions of two new subspecies from the eastern Pacific. Fish. Bull. 94(3):423-441. (Ref. 32349)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.6 - 29, mean 26 °C (based on 6786 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00820 - 0.01112), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 (1.6 - 3.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.32; tm=2; Fec=31,000-103,000).
Prior r = 0.96, 95% CL = 0.64 - 1.45, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 198 [57, 462] mg/100g; Iron = 2.28 [0.85, 5.87] mg/100g; Protein = 21.7 [19.6, 23.6] %; Omega3 = 0.364 [0.173, 0.759] g/100g; Selenium = 49.2 [18.5, 153.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 32.7 [6.9, 148.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.46 [0.47, 2.70] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
