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> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: More on author: Fowler.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 55 - ? m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 35°N - 5°N, 115°W - 79°W (Ref. 89707)

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 89707)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 13 - 14; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: adults dark brown without distinct markings; juveniles dark brown with several white spots and occasionally paler caudal fin; depth of body contained 2.3 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.3 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, enlarged serrae at angle and with or without few small serrae on lower edge; smooth interopercle and subopercle; posterior nostrils larger than anterior nostrils and shaped like an inverted tear drop; maxilla reaches vertical at rear edge of eye (Ref. 89707).

One juvenile examined came from a depth of 55 m. Reef-associated inhabiting depths of at least 55 m (Ref. 89707). Apparently too rare to be of commercial interest.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 February 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: perikanan swasembada

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00612 - 0.02972), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Hyporthodus exsul (Fowler, 1944)