Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους ? - 100 m (Ref. 26999), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 57293). Tropical; 30°N - 14°S, 18°W - 13°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Lobito, Angola, including the Canary Islands (Tenerife).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.5 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 57293); common length : 20.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 26999)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 9; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 14 - 15; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8. Diagnosis: depth of body 2.8-3.0 in SL; head length 2.5-2.6 in SL; eye diameter greater than interorbital width, eye diameter 4.6-5.5 in HL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, lower edge fleshy; subopercle and interopercle smooth; convex upper edge of operculum; maxilla scaly, reaching well past eye; lateral-body scales ctenoid, without auxiliary scales (Ref. 89707).
Occurs on mud (Ref. 5222), sand, and rock bottoms (Ref. 5222, 57293) in coastal waters, usually above 50 m depth (Ref. 57293). Exceptionally enters brackish lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 57293).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: χωρίς ενδιαφέρον
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 27.9, mean 25.8 °C (based on 80 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00590 - 0.02687), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
