(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) >
Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.. Tropical; 17°N - 5°S, 19°W - 13°E
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Congo. Not in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766).
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 244)
A coastal-pelagic shark. Feeds on fishes, especially bony fishes, and also benthic and epibenthic cephalopods. Viviparous, with 24 to 28 young in a litter. Size at birth about 30 to 32 cm.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Traumatogenic
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: معاش ماهیگیری
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28, mean 26.7 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5029 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00157 - 0.00767), b=3.12 (2.93 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Fec=24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).