Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 5 - 40 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical
Western Pacific: Gulf of Thailand to southern Japan, Philippines (Ref. 9494), Borneo and Indonesia. Absent from New Guinea and Australia.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 90102); common length : 16.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9893); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 168.50 g (Ref. 124479)
duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 74 - 78; Sirip dubur lunak: 65 - 68; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 51 - 52.
Inhabits shallow sand and mud bottoms of coastal waters. Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, especially small crustaceans. Marketed fresh, frozen, and dried-salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Munroe, T.A., 2001. Soleidae. Soles. p. 3878-3889. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9893)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.3 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 882 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00492 - 0.01282), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).