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Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)

Oceanic whitetip shark
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Carcharhinus longimanus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Carcharhinus longimanus (Oceanic whitetip shark)
Carcharhinus longimanus
Picture by Moldzio, S.

رده بندی / Names اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish);  longimanus: longus (L.), long; manus (L.) hand, referring to its long paddle-like pectoral fins. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Poey.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range بوم شناسي

دريايي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 1082 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 152 m (Ref. 55185). Subtropical; 18°C - 28°C (Ref. 244); 46°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6871)

پراكنش كشورها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | Ecosystems | ظهور | Point map | معرفي | Faunafri

Circumglobal in tropical and warm-temperate waters Ref. 244). Highly migratory species.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن

Maturity: Lm 195.7, range 180 - 226 cm
Max length : 400 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 89972); common length : 270 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9253); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 167.4 kg (Ref. 40637); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 22 سال ها (Ref. 31395)

توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0. A stocky shark with a huge, rounded 1st dorsal fin, and long, wide-tipped pectoral fins; snout bluntly rounded; upper teeth triangular; interdorsal ridge present (Ref. 5578). Back usually dark grey with a bronze tinge, sometimes brown or bluish; belly whitish, sometimes with a yellow tinge; tips off first dorsal, pectorals, and lower lobe of caudal often white or with white spots (sometimes absent); ventral surface of pelvic fins, apices of anal and second dorsal, and ventral lobe of caudal often with black spots; black or dusky saddle-marks in front of second dorsal, upper margin of caudal and between dorsal fins (especially in young) (Ref. 9997).

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

An oceanic deep-water species which sometimes comes close to shore (Ref. 244). Found surface to depths of at least 150 m (Ref. 26938). Epipelagic usually over water depths of >184 meters (Ref. 58302). Frequently accompanied by Remora, Coryphaena, pilot fishes (Ref. 30573), and tortoises. Feeds oceanic bony fishes, also threadfins, stingrays, sea turtles, sea birds, gastropods, squid, crustaceans, mammalian carrion and garbage (Ref. 5578), including tuna and mahimahi (Ref. 1602, 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). There is pronounced partial segregation by size and sex in some areas. This is an active, almost fearless shark also charged in human attacks (Ref. 244). Probably responsible for many open-ocean attacks after air or sea disasters (Ref. 6871). Utilized fresh, frozen (Ref. 9987), smoked, and dried-salted for human consumption; hides for leather, fins for fin soup, liver oil for vitamins, also processed into fishmeal (Ref. 244). 1 to 15 young, 60 to 65 cm, are born per litter (Ref. 1602).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)

Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). Litter size 1-15 pups; 60-65 cm at birth (Ref. 244). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

مآخذ اصلی Upload your references | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | همكاران

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  درمعرض خطر بحرانی (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 07 November 2018

CITES


CMS (Ref. 116361)


خطر برای انسان ها

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 244)





استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

اطلاعات بيشتر

Trophic ecology
اقلام غذايي
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
شکارچیان
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
نوسانات طولی
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
تولید مثل
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي
Anatomy
Gill areas
مغزها
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
صداهاي ماهي ها
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
ژنتيك
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
همكاران
References
مراجع

ابزارها

گزارش های ويژه

بارگيری XML

منابع اينترنتي

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | فيش واچر را ببينيد | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, گونه ها | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: ژنوم, نوکلئوتيد | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | پايگاه هاي داده ها | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: برو, جستجو | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 17.9 - 28.9, mean 26.8 °C (based on 6810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00631 - 0.01659), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref. 120179):  خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (K=0.1; tm=7; tmax=22; Fec=1).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.09, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 7.66 [1.45, 44.26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.723 [0.193, 2.260] mg/100g; Protein = 22.4 [19.6, 24.6] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.106, 0.652] g/100g; Selenium = 26 [8, 75] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.58 [2.21, 19.27] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.172, 0.669] mg/100g (wet weight);