Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) > Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Etymology: More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 150 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 24°S - 41°S, 63°W - 55°W (Ref. 114953)

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Western South Atlantic: From Rio de Janeiro to Argentina.

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 138 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 57911); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 6077)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Nostrils are longer, crown is flat transversely or even slightly convex, tubercles in median row are larger, thorn like, numerous. Origin of first dorsal is posterior to the tips of pelvic fins, equal to the base of first dorsal. Upper surface uniform olive gray or chocolate brown, without pale or dark markings. Snout with an oval sooty patch (Ref. 6902).

Found from the coast line to the continental edge. Females mature at ca. 90 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods, polychaetes and small fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of 4-12 pups (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Criticamente ameaçada (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 01 July 2019

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: espécies comerciais

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 11.6 - 22.7, mean 15.6 °C (based on 248 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00135 - 0.00588), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.49 se; based on food items.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec=4-12).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Low.

Pseudobatos horkelii (Müller & Henle, 1841)