Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); μη μεταναστευτικό(ά); εύρος βάθους ? - 30 m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 32°N - 5°N, 115°W - 76°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 55763); common length : 18.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 55763)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 18 - 20; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Dorsal fin with 11 spines and 18-20 rays: anal fin with 2 spines and 9 rays: pectoral fins with 17-19 rays; caudal fin rounded; smooth scales; lateral line scales 54-62; lateral line scale series 67-75; depth of body distinctly less than HL, depth contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; caudal peduncle depth 11-12% SL; eye diameter slightly greater than snout length, 4.3-4.7 times HL; rounded preopercle, rear edge distinctly serrate with a large spine (usually hidden by skin) directed downward and forward at the angle; gill rakers 6-8 on upper limb, 14-16 on lower limb (Ref. 89707).
A demersal, rocky reef (Ref. 89707) and shallow-water species, cryptically colored and secretive. Sedentary during the day, hiding in crevices or lying among seaweed, and rely on their effective camouflage to escape detection (sometimes lying and partly covering itself with sand). Nocturnal predators feeding mainly on benthic crustaceans.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: χωρίς ενδιαφέρον
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00558 - 0.02364), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Assuming Fec > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 165 [65, 306] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.59, 2.00] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.8, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.239 [0.141, 0.407] g/100g; Selenium = 44.5 [25.5, 86.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.5 [10.4, 87.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.91, 1.85] mg/100g (wet weight);
