Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; dH range: 15 - 30; مهاجرة بين الياه الملحه و الحلوة لكن ليس للتزاوج (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 15 m (Ref. 1602). Tropical; 23°C - 28°C (Ref. 13614); 30°N - 23°S
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the western Pacific.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 400 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3258); common length : 70.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3258)
فقرات: 183 - 196. Brownish grey above, lighter below (Ref. 3257). Body moderately elongate, cylindrical in front, compressed along tail; eyes small; teeth small, biserial, inner series enlarged; head not obviously distinct from trunk although the profile is moderately steep; very large mouth, extending to well beyond eye; biserial sharp teeth on jaws, larger in front and in inner row; dorsal fin inserted on head before gill-opening; scales absent (Ref. 4832).
Inhabits muddy ocean bottoms (Ref. 6934) and estuarine areas (Ref. 2334), but sometimes found in rivers (Ref. 2334) and inner bays (Ref. 37816). Feeds mainly on a variety of small fishes and crustaceans. Known to extend itself vertically from a burrow with its head held horizontally beneath the surface, rising and falling with the tide (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh and consumed locally (Ref. 3258). Solitary (Ref 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Chen, H.-M., K.-T. Shao and C.T. Chen, 1994. A review of the muraenid eels (Family Muraenidae) from Taiwan with descriptions of twelve new records. Zool. Stud. 33(1):44-64. (Ref. 6934)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3263 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00023 (0.00015 - 0.00035), b=3.13 (3.01 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (K=0.01).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.2 [5.3, 21.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.313 [0.161, 0.702] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.9, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0736 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 52.2 [22.8, 125.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [6.0, 132.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.872 [0.561, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight);
