分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Rutilus: Latin, rutilus = reddish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Etymology: Rutilus: Latin, rutilus = reddish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.3 - 8.0; dH range: 15 - 30. 溫帶; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 12468); 50°N - 44°N, 7°E - 20°E
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Europe: Northern Adriatic basin from Livenza to Po drainages, Lakes Maggiore, Lugano and Como (Italy, Switzerland). Introduced in Arno.
歐洲: 生活在義大利北部的大湖與河與在多瑙河的中上游中。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
歐洲: 生活在義大利北部的大湖與河與在多瑙河的中上游中。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 96829); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 96829)
Max length : 45.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 96829); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 96829)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Distinguished from its congeners in Apennine Peninsula by having the following unique characters: peritoneum black; and breeding males with two horizontal rows of distinct and separate tubercles on side of head above eye, lower one with 8-11 tubercles, upper one with 3-6 tubercles (tubercles reddish brown in ethanol); tubercles on body and head conical, sharply pointed, pointed slightly forward, occupying about 1/3 of exposed area of scale. Can be further separated from other species of the genus in Apennine Peninsula by the combination of the following characters: 43-46 + 3 scales along lateral line; dorsal fin with 10½ branched rays; anal fin with 11½ branched rays; mouth inferior; body laterally compressed, maximum width about 50% of body depth; iris silvery; flanks golden bronze in life, marbled with darker patches; and snout conical (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits deep waters of large, subalpine lakes and large to medium sized rivers. Occurs in small groups. Feeds in invertebrates, algae and detritus. Moves to shallow parts of rivers to spawn (Ref. 59043). Threatened due to overfishing and construction of weirs, which block access to spawning sites (Ref. 59043) and the introduction of two alien species (European roach, Rutilus rutilus and European nase, Chondrostoma nasus) (Ref. 96829). Sexual maturity is attained at age 3+ or 4+ in males and 5+ in females at about 28-33 cm SL. Spawning occurs in April and May (Ref. 96829). Reaches a maximum size of about 45 cm SL (Ref. 59043).
生活在緩慢流動的河與在湖的較深的部分中。 在一般淺水區中的雜草之中產卵四月到五月時。 每個母魚生下依據大小而定的 35,000-60,000個卵。 這一個魚吃蠕蟲，軟體動物，甲殼動物與相當多量的植物。
生活在緩慢流動的河與在湖的較深的部分中。 在一般淺水區中的雜草之中產卵四月到五月時。 每個母魚生下依據大小而定的 35,000-60,000個卵。 這一個魚吃蠕蟲，軟體動物，甲殼動物與相當多量的植物。
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Each female lays 35,000-60,000 eggs depending on size (Ref. 6111).歐洲: 生活在義大利北部的大湖與河與在多瑙河的中上游中。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
CITES
Not Evaluated
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無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804): PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00353 - 0.01485), b=3.14 (2.97 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278): 3.1 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻 120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).