Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino asociado a arrecife; rango de profundidad 0 - 180 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 35°N - 31°S, 33°E - 134°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 45.0, range 42 - 50 cm
Max length : 112 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 7196); common length : 90.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5450); peso máximo publicado: 15.4 kg (Ref. 40637); edad máxima reportada: 32 años (Ref. 125573)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 10; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 11; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and robust; very distinct horizontal groove on snout ventral to nostrils; teeth in both jaws in bands, with strong canines anteriorly; teeth on roof of mouth in chevron- or crescent-shaped patch on vomer and in elongate band on each palatine; maxilla without scales or longitudinal ridges; interorbital region flattened; gill rakers on first gill arch 7-8 + 13-16 = 20-24; preopercular edge smooth, sometimes denticulated in juveniles; last soft ray of both dorsal and anal fins well produced, longer than next to last ray; caudal fin forked; short pectoral fins, less than 1/2 length of head, about equal to length of snout; D X,11 soft rays; membranes of dorsal and anal fins without scales; tubed lateral-line scales 48-50. Colour of body dark green, bluish, or grey-blue (Ref. 55, 9821).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit open waters of deep lagoons, channels, or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Found in benthopelagic waters (Ref. 58302). Usually seen singly, but also in groups. They feed mainly on fishes, but also on shrimps, crabs, cephalopods and planktonic organisms (Ref. 30573, 48635). Mainly marketed fresh but also dried and salted. Excellent eating. Large individuals may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816).
Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: muy comercial; pesca deportiva: si; Acuario: Comercial
Herramientas
Informes especiales
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Temperatura preferida (Referencia
123201): 23.9 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 2222 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01170 - 0.01629), b=2.95 (2.90 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 (3.3 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (K=0.09-0.3; tmax=32; tm=4-5;).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.1 [9.1, 35.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.514 [0.226, 0.991] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.091, 0.252] g/100g; Selenium = 40.7 [20.9, 75.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 87.7 [31.2, 272.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.56 [0.42, 2.27] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.