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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pterotolithus: Greek, pteron = wing, fin + Greek, ous, otis = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro benthopelagico; non migratori; distribuzione batimetrica 10 - 100 m (Ref. 121818). Tropical; 24°N - 9°S, 68°E - 133°E
Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka round the Bay of Bengal to Borneo.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9772); common length : 40.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9772)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 10; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 30 - 34; Spine anali: 2; Raggi anali molli: 10 - 12.
Occurs in coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 9772). Also caught with bottom trawls, and handlines (Ref. 9772). Marketed fresh as well as dried salted; swim bladder dried (Ref. 2113).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Chan, W., U. Bathia and D. Carlsson, 1974. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2113)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.4 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 828 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00278 - 0.01190), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 99.4 [51.7, 173.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.705 [0.361, 1.287] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.151 [0.067, 0.296] g/100g; Selenium = 68.7 [32.1, 141.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.6 [10.4, 87.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.95, 2.05] mg/100g (wet weight);