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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pterotolithus: Greek, pteron = wing, fin + Greek, ous, otis = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा बेनथोपिलाजिक; गैर प्रवासी. Tropical
Western Pacific: Borneo, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9772); common length : 40.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9772)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 24 - 27; गुदा कांटा: 2; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 7 - 8.
Found in coastal waters, estuaries and mouths of rivers. Also caught with bottom trawls and handlines (Ref. 9772). Marketed fresh as well as dried salted; swim bladder dried (Ref. 2113).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Chan, W., U. Bathia and D. Carlsson, 1974. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2113)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 28.2 - 29.3, mean 28.8 °C (based on 382 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).