Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina batypelagisk; djupintervall 350 - ? m. Deep-water; 36°N - 49°S, 102°E - 154°W
Pacific Ocean: southern Japan and the Hawaiian Islands to New Zealand.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 559)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 12; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 15; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 15. Eye about 1/3 of head length. Eyelid well-developed. Dorsal spines hidden by groove when depressed. Scales large and deciduous. Attains 35 cm SL.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Oviparous, gonochorous, with pelagic eggs (Ref. 101194).
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.5 - 5.1, mean 3.3 °C (based on 1361 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00591 - 0.03375), b=2.95 (2.74 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Assuming tmax>10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).