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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Achiridae (American soles)
Etymology: Apionichthys: Greek, apion = pear + Greek, ichthys = fish; it also exists "a-pion", no fatty (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Auguste Henri André Duméril (1812–1870), was a physician and zoologist like his father (see next entry) and followed much in his father’s footsteps. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Kaup.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; amfidrom (Ref. 36798). Tropical
Western Atlantic: estuarine areas of the Orinoco (Venezuela), Corantijn (Suriname), Oyapock, Amazon and Grajaú (Brazil) rivers, and from marine areas under influence of these rivers. Enters low land freshwaters - there are records from Jari River (Brazil) and Corantijn River (Suriname).
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.1 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 80009); common length : 11.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 57 - 75; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 40 - 55; Ryggkotor: 34 - 38. Nostril diameter 1.5-2 times orbital diameter; color pattern consisting of a light brown background with irregular, scattered dark brown blotches, the largest ones 2-7 times interorbital space; caudal fin pointed (median rays proportionally longer than external ones); presence of gill openings on both eyed sides; absence of scales on the interorbital space (Ref. 49504).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Rare. Adults occur over sandy-muddy bottoms of the littoral zone and estuaries. Little is known of its biology (Ref. 35237). Maximum length reported to reach 15 cm TL (Ref. 5217).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Ramos, R.T.C., 2003. Systematic review of Apionichthys (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae), with description of four new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 14(2):97-126. (Ref. 49504)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Akvarium: Kommersiell
Verktyg
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 26.9 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 102 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00164 - 0.01061), b=3.10 (2.88 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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