Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 10 - 200 m (Ref. 121768). Tropical; 36°N - 34°S, 24°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Algoa Bay, South Africa to southern Japan and Australia.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 30.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 559)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 12 - 14; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 10 - 12. Dorsal part of body without prickles, belly covered with prickles (Ref. 559). Greenish or dark grey above, silvery white below (Ref. 4919). Distinguished from other Lagocephalus species by the black gill opening (Ref. 559).
Found in the shelf edge (Ref. 11230). Closely resembles the Atlantic species L. laevigatus Linnaeus which reaches southern Angola (Ref. 4919).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Smith, M.M. and P.C. Heemstra, 1986. Tetraodontidae. p. 894-903. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4919)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 559)
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.6 - 28.3, mean 26.4 °C (based on 1313 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02692 (0.01730 - 0.04187), b=2.86 (2.74 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 2.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.53).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).