Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 20 - 100 m (Ref. 2683). Tropical; 3°S - 17°S
Eastern Atlantic: Gabon to Angola. Recorded from Henties Bay, Namibia (Ref. 11228).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3688); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3688)
Occurs on the shelf on trawlable bottoms. Carnivorous (Ref. 3688). Minimum depth from Ref. 58018.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 21.1, mean 19.5 °C (based on 9 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00593 - 0.02800), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 89.1 [46.6, 169.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.4, 1.5] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.308 [0.175, 0.575] g/100g; Selenium = 54.6 [23.8, 111.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 41 [11, 141] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.02 [0.67, 1.52] mg/100g (wet weight);