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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillago: From a locality in Australia .
More on author: Peters.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6205), usually 0 - 2 m (Ref. 27657). 亞熱帶的; 21°S - 39°S, 111°E - 142°E (Ref. 6205)
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to Australia, from Dampier to Albany in Western Australia and Gulf St Vincent and Spencer Gulf waters in South Australia. It is not known whether they also occur in the intervening waters.
東印度洋: 澳洲的特有種, 從丹皮爾到奧爾巴尼 在澳洲南部的西澳大利亞與灣聖文森與 Spencer 灣水域。 它是不知道他們是否也出現在其間的水域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 22.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27296); 最大年龄: 12 年 (Ref. 27008)
背棘 (总数) : 11 - 13; 背的软条 (总数) : 19 - 22; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 20; 脊椎骨: 37. Its swim bladder is without a median anterior extension.
它的泳鳔是没有中央的前面延长。
Generally frequent inshore sand banks, bars, and spits, and congregate in sandy hollows. At high tide they move in schools across the sand flats and retreat to the slopes of the banks when the tide falls. These whiting are principally marine residents (Ref. 27646, 27012), and can tolerate upper Spencer Gulf waters with salinity as high as 40-50 ppt (Ref. 6390). They may also penetrate to the limit of the brackish water in tidal creeks, where salinity is as low as 1 ppt (Ref. 6335, 27012). Juveniles inhabit warmer water, mangrove-lined creeks and inshore protected environments (Ref. 27012) over mud bottoms and seagrass beds (Ref. 6390). The spawning season commences in September and is completed by January in Shark Bay and slightly later along the coast to the south (Ref. 6390). Oviparous (Ref. 205), and are multiple spawners with asynchronous development (Ref. 27656).
通常常常聚集于近海沙子浅堆，横带与唾液, 而且在沙的洞中聚集。 当潮水落下的时候，他们越过沙地浅滩移动成群而且撤退浅堆的到斜坡在涨潮时。 这些牙鳕是主要海洋的居民 (参考文献 27646,27012), 而且能容忍上面的 Spencer 湾水域盐度高达 40-50 ppt.(参考文献 6390) 他们也可能在潮汐的小溪中深入到半淡咸水的范围, 在哪里盐度是更低到 1个 ppt.(参考文献 6335,27012) 稚鱼栖息于在泥底与海草床上的较热的水，红树林林列的小溪与近海遮蔽的环境 (参考文献 27012) 。 (參考文獻 6390) 產卵季節在九月開始而且在鯊魚灣在一月之前而稍後些微地被完成沿著岸邊到南方.(參考文獻 6390) 卵生的 (參考文獻 205), 而且是多樣的產卵魚具有非同步的發展.(參考文獻 27656)
Multiple spawners with asynchronous development (Ref. 27656).東印度洋: 澳洲的特有種, 從丹皮爾到奧爾巴尼 在澳洲南部的西澳大利亞與灣聖文森與 Spencer 灣水域。 它是不知道他們是否也出現在其間的水域。
McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 将来有可能使用; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 23.8, mean 18 °C (based on 175 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00272 - 0.01217), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.49-0.53; tm=2; tmax=12; Fec=170,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 168 [35, 411] mg/100g; Iron = 0.425 [0.144, 1.179] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [17.7, 22.9] %; Omega3 = 0.357 [0.153, 0.845] g/100g; Selenium = 9.84 [2.92, 43.23] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [3.1, 98.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.669 [0.349, 1.644] mg/100g (wet weight);
