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Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831

Variable torpedo ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Torpedo sinuspersici   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Torpedo sinuspersici (Variable torpedo ray)
Torpedo sinuspersici
Picture by Ketabi, R. / S. Jamili

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Torpedo zugmayeri Engelhardt, 1912 could be a valid species after Weigmann (2016; Ref. 106604) (valid in ECoF, v. Jan. 2021).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water rifbewoner; diepte 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 30°N - 31°S, 30°E - 72°E (Ref. 114953)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref. 80050), Red Sea eastward to India (Ref. 2712) and southward to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 5578).

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2712)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Large ray with a small caudal fin and with papillae around the spiracles (Ref. 5578). Bright color pattern of circles and irregular marks, cream or golden on dark red or brown to blackish background dorsally (Ref. 5578).

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found inshore in sandy bottoms, and well offshore from the surf zone down to 200 m (Ref. 5578). Also on or near coral reefs (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Common in shallow sandy areas (Ref. 2712). Feeds on bony fishes (Ref. 12951) and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males mature by 30 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Occurs singly but may form groups during the breeding season (Ref. 12951). Occasionally hooked by anglers, more often seen by divers; can deliver a strong shock (Ref. 2712). Flesh is edible (Ref. 12484). Can survive for hours after being stranded on the beach (Ref. 41394).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With 9-22 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Form aggregations during the reproductive season (Ref. 41394).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Medewerkers

Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Torpedinidae. p. 112-113. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2712)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Onvoldoende gegevens (DD) ; Date assessed: 07 February 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Other (Ref. 2712)





Gebruik door de mens

Sportvis: ja
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Meer informatie

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
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Tools

Bio-Quiz | E-boek | Veldgids | Lengtefrequentie Tool | Levenscyclus tool | Verspreidingskaart | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY |

Speciale rapporten

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Overzichtspagina | Puntgegevens | Lokale namen | Foto's

Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoom, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.8 - 28.3, mean 25.5 °C (based on 370 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.00973 - 0.02580), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Fec=9-22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).