Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 0 - 20 m (Ref. 127989). Subtropical; 32°N - 33°S, 28°E - 178°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to southern Japan, New Guinea and Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Reported from Vanuatu (Ref. 13300). Migrated to the Mediterranean from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal (Ref. 5385).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 30573)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 12 - 13; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 8 - 11; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 9 - 11. Generally silver in color, with 4-6 dark horizontal lines; a black blotch behind head and below dorsal origin and another in front of dorsal fin may be present; caudal fin pale or slightly dusky (Ref. 4327).
Are coastal species often found in brackish waters; common in estuaries. They croak when taken from the water. Usually forming schools. Juveniles in seagrass beds and in mangrove bays (Ref. 48635). Feed on small fishes and invertebrates. Eggs are guarded and fanned by the male parent (Ref. 205). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 127989.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Eggs are guarded and fanned by the male parent (Ref. 205).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1262 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00667 - 0.01644), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.7 [16.7, 81.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.604 [0.350, 0.984] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [19.1, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.256 [0.154, 0.426] g/100g; Selenium = 14.2 [6.9, 26.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 50.8 [15.9, 162.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.954 [0.631, 1.405] mg/100g (wet weight);
