分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthodidae (Peppered flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthodes: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 100 m (Ref. 6270). 亞熱帶的
Western Indian Ocean and Southeast Atlantic: known only from Delagoa Bay, Mozambique to Mossel Bay, South Africa.
西印度洋與東南大西洋: 已知只來自莫三比克的 Delagoa 灣到南非的 Mossel 海灣了。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6270)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 67 - 74; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 47 - 54; 脊椎骨: 31. Eyed side brownish grey with small dark spots, pectoral fin with 12-13 rays; blind side white, pectoral fin with 11 rays (Ref. 6270).
有眼睛的一邊褐灰色有小的深色斑點, 胸鰭有 12-13個鰭條; 沒有眼睛的一邊白色, 胸鰭有 11個鰭條.(參考文獻 6270)
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9665).
棲息於沙泥底。 (參考文獻 9665)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西印度洋與東南大西洋: 已知只來自莫三比克的 Delagoa 灣到南非的 Mossel 海灣了。
Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Pleuronectidae. p. 863-865. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smith's sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6270)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.7 - 24.8, mean 22.2 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
