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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Istiophoridae (Billfishes)
旗魚科 (Billfishes)
Etymology: Istiophorus: Greek, istios = sail + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
Issue
This species is synonym of Istiophorus platypterus in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jan. 2018) according to Collette et al., 2006 (Ref. 84358). Several authors consider it as a valid species.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). 亞熱帶的; 21°C - 28°C (Ref. 43); 56°N - 55°S, 99°W - 18°E (Ref. 43)
Atlantic Ocean: in tropical and temperate waters approximately 40°N in the northwest Atlantic, 50°N in the northeast Atlantic, 40°S in the southwest Atlantic, and 32°S in the southeast Atlantic. Migrating to Mediterranean Sea, mostly based on juvenile specimens. Highly migratory species.
大西洋: 在熱帶與溫帶水域中大約在西北大西洋中的 40 ° N, 在東北大西洋中的 50 ° N, 在西南中的 40個 °S 在東南大西洋中的大西洋 , 與 32個 °S。 洄游至地中海,大部份以幼年的標本為依據。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139) 一些作家承認一個全世界的種, 雨傘旗魚〔Istiophorus platypterus〕 (Shaw 1792) 但是我們跟隨為印度-太平洋的旗魚保有 雨傘旗魚〔Istiophorus platypterus〕 的用法而且為在他們之間的不同的辨認的大西洋的旗魚保有 大西洋旗魚〔Istiophorus albicans〕 的 Nakamura 1990(參考文獻 10820)。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 133.5, range 121 - 146 cm
Max length : 315 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 43); common length : 240 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 58.1 kg (Ref. 43); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 72497)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 48 - 53; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 12; 脊椎骨: 24.
Usually found in the upper layers of warm water above the thermocline, but also capable of descending to rather deep water. Often migrate into near-shore waters. Occasionally form schools or smaller groups of 3 to 30 individuals, but often occur in loose aggregations over a wide area. Feed mainly on small pelagic fishes but also takes bottom-dwelling organisms. Females grow larger (Ref. 4770). Utilized fresh, canned and frozen; eaten steamed (Ref. 9987).
在溫水層上面的通常發現於溫暖水的上層, 也能夠下降到相當深的水。 時常游進近岸水域內。 偶然地形成魚群或者比較小的群體 3 到 30個個體, 但是時常出現於在一個寬的區域上的鬆散魚群中。 主要吃小型大洋性魚類也捕食底棲的生物。 生鮮使用, 罐裝及冷凍; 清蒸。 (參考文獻 9987)
Around Florida in USA, this species often moves inshore into shallow waters where females, swimming sluggishly with their dorsal fins extended and accompanied each by one or more males, may spawn near the surface in the warm season. However, spawning in offshore waters beyond the 100 fathom isobath was also reported from south of Cuba to Carolina, USA. Off southeast Florida, a 33.4 kg female may shed up to 4.8 million eggs in three batches during one spawning season.大西洋: 在熱帶與溫帶水域中大約在西北大西洋中的 40 ° N, 在東北大西洋中的 50 ° N, 在西南中的 40個 °S 在東南大西洋中的大西洋 , 與 32個 °S。 洄游至地中海,大部份以幼年的標本為依據。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139) 一些作家承認一個全世界的種, 雨傘旗魚〔Istiophorus platypterus〕 (Shaw 1792) 但是我們跟隨為印度-太平洋的旗魚保有 雨傘旗魚〔Istiophorus platypterus〕 的用法而且為在他們之間的不同的辨認的大西洋的旗魚保有 大西洋旗魚〔Istiophorus albicans〕 的 Nakamura 1990(參考文獻 10820)。
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.3 - 27.4, mean 23.5 °C (based on 431 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7505 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00193 - 0.01034), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29-1.2 (?); tm=3.5).
Prior r = 0.19, 95% CL = 0.13 - 0.29, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.7 [13.8, 44.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.872 [0.523, 1.431] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.4, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.212 [0.117, 0.376] g/100g; Selenium = 43.5 [23.2, 80.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.84 [2.30, 19.89] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.373 [0.265, 0.532] mg/100g (wet weight);
