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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Thyrsitoides: Greek, thyrsites, -ou = stalk of a plant, an ornament like a pine cone borne by Bacchus + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Fowler.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री बेनथोपिलाजिक; गहराई सीमा 0 - 400 m (Ref. 6181). Deep-water; 39°N - 44°S, 25°E - 134°W (Ref. 6181)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea to South Africa and New Caledonia, north to Japan. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 4408); common length : 100.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9784)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 17 - 19; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 16 - 17; गुदा कांटा: 1; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 16 - 17; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 34. Two lateral lines, originating above the upper angle of gill opening, branching below the 4th dorsal-fin spine or slightly behind it, upper line running along the first dorsal-fin base and ending below about the end of the first dorsal fin, lower line abruptly curved backward from bifurcation, running mid laterally to the base of the middle caudal-fin ray. Body color is dark brown with slightly metallic reflections, sometimes slightly paler on belly. Dorsal fin membranes with black markings.
Mesobenthopelagic, down to depths of 400 m or more, often at the surface at night around Okinawa, Japan (Ref. 6181). The largest populations are probably on the slope of seamounts or ridges (Ref. 6181). Feeds on a variety of mesopelagic fish, squid and crustaceans (Ref. 6181).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 28, mean 23.7 °C (based on 1045 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00204 - 0.00890), b=3.15 (2.96 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): बहुत नीचे, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 14 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
