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Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Devil fish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Mobula mobular   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Mobula mobular (Devil fish)
Mobula mobular
Picture by Minguell, C.

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology: More on author: Bonnaterre.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604). Subtropical; 53°N - 13°N

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Probably circumglobal in warm seas.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 520 cm WD jantan/; (Ref. 4442); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.5 t (Ref. 115943)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Larger than M. hypostoma, tail with spine and prickles (Ref. 6902).

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

An epipelagic species (Ref. 6808) found over continental shelves and near oceanic islands (Ref. 6679). Feeds on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 6679), by funnelling using their cephalic fins and then trapping or filtering the food through their specialised gill plates (Ref. 115943). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bycatch mortalities have been reported from Mediterranean fisheries - large-scale driftnets, purse seines and trawls, bottom set nets, trammel nets, longlines and even fixed traps for tuna. It is utilized for its meat as protein source (except the head) and gill plates as ingredient in Chinese medicine (Ref. 115943)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 6679, 50449).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

  terancam (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 20 November 2018

CITES


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  Harmless





penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial
FAO - Perikanan: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Bahan makanan
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Pemangsa
Ecology
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinamika larva
Distribution
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Otak
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Suara-suara ikan
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetika
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Strain
Ciguatera cases
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References
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Sumber internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Perikanan: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genom, Nukleotida | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Pangkalan data nasional | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.1 - 23, mean 15.8 °C (based on 226 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref. 120179):  Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
kategori harga (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 4.56 [0.57, 78.69] mg/100g; Iron = 0.708 [0.063, 8.495] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [16, 26] %; Omega3 = 0.174 [0.053, 0.535] g/100g; Selenium = 38.5 [7.7, 213.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 2.65 [0.21, 33.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.316 [0.018, 3.678] mg/100g (wet weight);