分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Galaxiiformes (Southern smelts)
胡瓜魚目 (Southern smelts) >
Galaxiidae (Galaxiids)
南乳魚科 (Galaxiids) > Galaxiinae
Etymology: Galaxias: Greek, galaxias, ou = a kind of fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jenyns.
Issue
zzzAT STOCKS Galaxias maculatus has the most disjunct distribution of any freshwater species. This distribution is best explained by dispersal of whitebait larval stage throughout the sea (Berra et al. 1996). See McDowall (1971b) for a detailed description.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 降海洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 10°C - 22°C (Ref. 2060); 27°S - 56°S, 112°W - 56°W
Oceania: Australia (including Tasmania), Lord Howe Island, New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. South America: Ranges from along the Chilean side of the Andes near Valparaiso to the southern extremity of the island chain southeast of Tierra del Fuego. Also on the eastern side of the Andes in Argentina in isolated lakes (Meliquina, Traful, Nahuel Huapi, Gutierrez, and Pellegrini) which drain into the Atlantic Ocean via the Negro River. It occurs on Falkland Islands.
大洋洲: 澳洲 (包括塔斯梅尼亞) ，羅得豪島, 紐西蘭與 Chatham 島。 南美洲: 分佈自沿著在維爾帕瑞索到附近的安迪斯山脈的智利的側邊火地島的島鏈東南的南方末端。 也在阿根廷在經由尼格羅河流入大西洋的孤立的湖 (Meliquina ， Traful ， Nahuel Huapi ， Gutierrez 與 Pellegrini) 的安迪斯山脈的東邊上。 它生存於福克蘭群島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44894); common length : 10.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5259)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 17.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occur in a wide variety of habitat, but mostly in still or slow-flowing waters, mainly in streams, rivers and lakes within a short distance of the sea. Can survive in salinities up to 50 ppt. Feed on aquatic and terrestrial insects, and crustaceans. Adults typically migrate downstream into estuaries during high spring tides in autumn to spawn on fringing vegetation. Spawning does not occur beyond the river estuaries, making this species 'only marginally catadromous' (Ref. 46888). Many perish after spawning but some survive another year. Eggs develop out of water for two weeks and hatch upon the arrival of the next spring tide. Newly hatched larvae spend their first 5-6 months at sea before returning to fresh shoals of whitebait during spring. An important component of whitebait fisheries throughout the Southern Hemisphere (Ref. 44894). Utilized fresh and eaten fried (Ref. 9988, 44894).
出現在各式各樣的棲息地, 但是大部份在靜止或流動很慢水域中, 主要在溪流，海洋的短距離裡面的河川與湖泊。 能存活在鹽度高達 50個 ppt。 捕食水生與陸棲的昆蟲 , 與甲殼動物。 成魚典型地進入河口之內在高春天潮的時候秋天時移動向下游在岸邊的植叢上產卵。 產卵不會出現超過河口, 使得此魚種 '只有邊緣降海洄游'.(參考文獻 46888) 多數在產卵之後死亡，但是一些在另年存活。 卵發育達二個星期離開水面而且在下一個春天潮的抵達之上孵化。 最近孵化.仔魚在海上度過他們的第一個 5-6 數個月在回到生鮮地之前白魚科的魚的魚群春天時。 在南半球各處的一個白魚科的魚漁場的重要組成.(參考文獻 44894) 生鮮使用與油炸後食用.(參考文獻 9988,44894)
For diadromous populations: deposit eggs on dense terrestrial vegetation that is flooded by the high tide. The eggs develop out of water in humid condition during the next 2 weeks. Hatching takes place when a second series of high tides again wash over the eggs. For landlocked population: fish migrate up to the tributary streams during floods. Deposit eggs on the flooded grassy banks and complete their development after the water level subsides. Hatching occurs during subsequent floods.大洋洲: 澳洲 (包括塔斯梅尼亞) ，羅得豪島, 紐西蘭與 Chatham 島。 南美洲: 分佈自沿著在維爾帕瑞索到附近的安迪斯山脈的智利的側邊火地島的島鏈東南的南方末端。 也在阿根廷在經由尼格羅河流入大西洋的孤立的湖 (Meliquina ， Traful ， Nahuel Huapi ， Gutierrez 與 Pellegrini) 的安迪斯山脈的東邊上。 它生存於福克蘭群島。
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00243 - 0.01032), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=175).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 54 [29, 145] mg/100g; Iron = 0.34 [0.18, 0.78] mg/100g; Protein = 14.9 [12.6, 17.1] %; Omega3 = 0.495 [0.193, 1.245] g/100g; Selenium = 7.4 [2.8, 17.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.1 [10.5, 122.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.21 [0.76, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight);
