Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 0 - 10 m (Ref. 86942), usually 0 - 10 m (Ref. 37816). Tropical; 40°N - 40°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Mangaréva islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern New South Wales, Australia. Also recorded from Southeast Atlantic: South Africa (Ref. 3972).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 1602)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 0; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 0; فقرات: 162 - 171. White to yellow with 25-30 black saddles (Ref. 3972).
Occurs in sandy areas and seagrass beds of both lagoon and seaward reefs. Uses its stiff pointed tail to rapidly burrow backwards into the sand when frightened (Ref. 37816). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on sand-dwelling fishes and crabs and prawns. Sometimes fully exposed when searching for prey (Ref. 30874). Rises to the surface to spawn (Ref. 37816).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Rises to the surface to spawn. Once there, one or more males may seize a female by the back of the neck and remain attached for hours before spawning occurs.
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 29.2, mean 28.1 °C (based on 2893 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00089 (0.00039 - 0.00204), b=3.00 (2.80 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41.4 [23.4, 74.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.539 [0.328, 0.918] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.5, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.119 [0.055, 0.328] g/100g; Selenium = 45 [25, 87] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.4 [13.4, 149.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.26 [0.89, 1.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
