Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক রীফ সংশ্লিষ্ট; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 0 - 30 m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 37°N - 20°N, 112°E - 143°E (Ref. 5222)
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China. Reports of the species (under the valid name or as Epinephelus fario) from the Indian Ocean are apparently based on misidentifications.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 29 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 89707)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 11; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 16 - 17; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 8. Preopercle rounded; serrae mostly hidden by skin; upper edge of operculum straight; nostrils small, subequal; maxilla reaches to or beyond vertical at rear edge of the eye. Area behind pectoral-fin tip with a patch of ctenoid scales in juveniles. Color is pale brown with small red or reddish brown spots. Fins darker, also covered with spots and often with a narrow white edge. A black blotch is at the base of the last 3 dorsal-fin spines, a smaller blotch at the base of the middle dorsal-fin rays, and a third on top of the caudal peduncle. Distinguished further by the following characteristics: body depth contained 2.7-3.3 times in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital area; small anterior and posterior nostrils, subequal; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Juveniles are common in tide pools and in shallow clear water around rocks and coral reefs; adults found in deeper water. Kuo et al. (1988, Ref. 6826) induced sex reversal and artificial spawning (referred to as 'Epinephelus fario').
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | প্রজনন | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | শুককীট
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক; এ্যাকুয়াকালচার (জলজ পালন) : পরীক্ষামূলক
হাতিয়ার
Special reports
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.7 - 25.4, mean 22 °C (based on 196 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00571 - 0.02419), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.3 [14.3, 61.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.264, 0.999] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.117 [0.074, 0.185] g/100g; Selenium = 29.1 [17.4, 52.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 198 [54, 707] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.29 [0.89, 1.81] mg/100g (wet weight);
