Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 10 - 155 m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 33°N - 8°N, 44°E - 77°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Pakistan, and west coast of India. Since it has only recently been discovered, it may be expected to have a wider distribution.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 30573); 54.7 cm TL (female); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 0.00 g
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 16 - 17; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head, body and fins pale, covered with numerous small close-set dark brown spots; spots on fins and dorsal parts of head and body smaller and closer together compared to those on the sides and ventrally; rear edge of caudal fin with white line and a row of blackish brown spots; presence of dark maxillary streak; body depth contained 2.6-3.3 times in SL; body width 1.8-2.4 times in depth; head length 2.5-2.8 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital, dorsal head profile almost straight; angular preopercle, with indentation above the angle and enlarged serrae below the indentation; straight upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils slightly larger than anterior ones; maxilla reaches to below rear half of eye; front of jaws with a pair of small fixed canines; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw, inner ones twice length of outer teeth, pyloric caeca 28-34 (Ref. 89707).
Known from rocky areas adjacent to soft bottoms in depths 10-155 m (Ref. 89707). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.9 - 27.1, mean 24.5 °C (based on 133 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00623 - 0.01842), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 15.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.19; tmax=41).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 75.3 [33.2, 165.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.879 [0.418, 2.024] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.1, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.212 [0.111, 0.389] g/100g; Selenium = 67.2 [32.7, 152.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.3 [11.1, 177.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.21 [0.77, 1.94] mg/100g (wet weight);
