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> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; brackvatten revassocierade; djupintervall 1 - 20 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 27°N - 11°S, 63°E - 128°E (Ref. 5222)

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Indo-West Pacific: Pakistan, India including Laccadive (Lakshadweep) Islands, Sri Lanka, and through the larger islands of the East Indies and the Gulf of Thailand.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 48635)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 15 - 17; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8.

Inhabits areas with muddy or silty-sand bottoms. Commonly trawled (Ref. 48635). Nothing has been published on its biology. A 16.3 cm SL fish was found to have ripe ova. Solitary, also found in turbid harbours and estuaries (Ref 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 28.1 - 29.3, mean 28.8 °C (based on 1018 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00571 - 0.02419), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes, 1828)