Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 2 - 300 m (Ref. 28016), usually 10 - 120 m (Ref. 11441). Tropical; 29°N - 5°N, 56°E - 83°E (Ref. 5222)
Indian Ocean: continental shelf of the northern Indian Ocean from the Gulf of Aden to Sri Lanka and Madras, India. Not known from the Persian Gulf nor the Red Sea. Records from the western Pacific are based on misidentifications of Epinephelus stictus or Epinephelus fasciatomaculos.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 39.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 11; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 15 - 17; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Occurs over muddy sand or mud substrata and caught in depths of 63 to 100 m off the Kerala coast. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
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Stime basate su modelli
Temperatura preferita (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 22.5 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 280 cells).
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00937 - 0.01225), b=3.03 (3.01 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 4.0 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.21-0.86; Fec=4,165).
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
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Nutrienti (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 97.8 [43.3, 230.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.49, 2.64] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.3, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.127, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 88.2 [41.0, 208.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.5 [6.8, 121.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.71, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight);