Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; غير مهاجرة; نطاق العمق 5 - 147 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 22°N - 20°S, 104°E - 172°E
Indo-West Pacific: Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, northeastern Australia (Cape York to northern Great Barrier Reef) Belau, Truk, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands, and the Solomon Islands. Reported from Malaysia (Ref. 5756).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5222); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 1.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 7 - 8; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10 - 12; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8.
Inhabits drop-offs and steep channel slopes (Ref. 9710). Very little has been published on its biology. Reported to forage in groups of two or three for rock- and sand living crustaceans and fishes. Rare in most areas (Ref. 9710). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 5222)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.6 - 29.3, mean 28.7 °C (based on 1890 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00643 - 0.01629), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.3 [19.4, 63.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.563 [0.294, 0.941] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.162 [0.105, 0.257] g/100g; Selenium = 53.9 [31.7, 98.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 42.2 [14.7, 134.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.813 [0.559, 1.195] mg/100g (wet weight);
