分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes)
鱸形目 (Icefishes) >
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes)
南極魚科 (Cod icefishes) > Trematominae
Etymology: Trematomus: Greek, trematos = hole + Greek, tomo = section, cut (Ref. 45335); eulepidotus: eu means true + lepidotus means well scaled (Ref. 11892).
More on author: Regan.
Issue
The genus Pseudotrematomus is a synonym of Trematomus, which is confirmed by a molecular study to be published (J.-C. Hureau, pers. comm. 08 Jun. 2010).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 70 - 650 m (Ref. 26875). 極; 60°S - 78°S
Southern Ocean: continental shelf of Antarctica and nearby islands, including the South Orkney.
南極海: 南極洲與附近的島大陸棚, 包括奧克尼群島南方部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.0, range 19 - 26 cm
Max length : 34.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 87549)
背棘 (總數) : 6 - 7; 背的軟條 (總數) : 36 - 38; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 34 - 36; 脊椎骨: 54 - 57. Second dorsal-fin rays 0-3 more than anal-fin rays. Preopercular-mandibular canal with 10 pores; infraorbital canal with 6-8 pores; supra-orbital canal with 4 pores; coronal commissure with a single median pore; temporal canal with 5-6 pores; supratemporal canal complete wit 3 pores. Body and head almost entirely scaled, including snout, preorbitals, posterior part of maxilla, lower jaw, isthmus, branchiostegal membranes and proximal parts of branchiostegal rays.
Color: In alcohol, ground color buff, with a chequered pattern formed by staggered dark blotches along the dorsal, lateral and ventral parts of the body; ventral dark blotches may appear as short wavy horizontal dark marks. Snout, occipital region and sometimes interorbital area are dark.
第二背鰭-鰭條 0-3 超過臀鰭棘條。 前鰓蓋骨-用 10個孔的顎骨管; 眶下管 6-8個孔; 上眼眶的管有四個孔; 冠合縫處具有一個單一中央的孔; 用 5-6 孔的暫生管; 上顳骨管完成機智 3個孔。 身體與頭部幾乎完全地覆有鱗片的, 包括吻，眶前骨，顎骨，下頜，峽部的較後面的部分，鰓條骨的鰓蓋薄膜與近端部份。
顏色: 當保存在酒精中時, 底色暗黃色, 具有一個由被交錯的黑色斑塊形成的方格圖案沿著身體的背部的﹐側面的與腹部份; 腹面黑色斑塊可能呈現短的波浪狀的水平深色印記。 吻, 枕區與有時眼間骨區域是深色的。
Most common in shallower waters of the continental shelf, especially on banks less than 250 m deep in areas where local upwellings increase food supply (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are found near the surface, often in association with Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) swarms. Feed on salps, nudibranchs, amphipods, copepods, polychaetes, krill, crustaceans, chaetognaths, and fish (Ref. 6390).
大陸棚的常見於比較水淺的水域, 尤其在淺堆上在地方湧升流增加食物供應的區域中少於 250 公尺深。 (參考文獻 6390) 稚魚被發現接近水表面, 常見於鄰近中南極圈磷蝦 ( Euphausia superba) 成群地移動。 捕食被囊動物，裸鰓類動物，片腳類動物，橈腳類的動物，多毛類動物，磷蝦，甲殼動物，毛顎類動物與魚。 (參考文獻 6390)
Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 7-9 years of age (Ref. 71843).南極海: 南極洲與附近的島大陸棚, 包括奧克尼群島南方部。
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.8 - 0.9, mean -0.9 °C (based on 436 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00331 - 0.00724), b=3.26 (3.14 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 1,400-12,854).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.8 [16.2, 66.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.498 [0.197, 0.983] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [16.1, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.384 [0.215, 0.659] g/100g; Selenium = 15.5 [6.7, 34.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.2 [4.9, 102.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.473 [0.314, 0.718] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
