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Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Leerfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Lichia amia   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Lichia amia
Picture by De Sanctis, A.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Carangiformes (Jacks) 鱸形目 (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) 鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Trachinotinae
Etymology: Lichia: Greek, lichia = corpse like skin colour.
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 3197). 亞熱帶的; 47°N - 28°S

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay to South Africa, including the Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: South Africa to Maputo Bay, Maputo (Mozambique)..
東大西洋: 比斯開灣南部到南非, 包括地中海。 西印度洋: 南非至 Delagoa 海灣, Lourenco 捕拿特許。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 57392); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3197); 最大體重: 50.0 kg (Ref. 27584)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 19 - 21; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 21. Diagnosis: body elongate, moderately deep and compressed; dorsal profile of head almost straight, ending in a pointed snout; eyes relatively small; upper jaw slender and rounded posteriorly, ending below or beyond posterior eye margin; 2 dorsal fins, 1st with 7 spines with only their bases connected by a membrane, 2nd with 1 spine and 19-21 soft rays; anal fin with 2 detached spines followed by 1 spine and 17-21 soft rays; pectoral fins short, comprised 1.5-1.8 times in head length; scales small, those on breast oval to strongly lanceolate, and partially embedded in the skin; lateral line very irregular and wavy, describing a convex curve over, and a concave curve behind pectoral fins; no lateral-line scutes (Ref. 57392). Brown above, silvery white below lateral line; lobes of dorsal and anal fins black distally; juveniles (to at least 12 cm fork length) with brownish black bars on sides (Ref. 3197, 57392).
背面褐色又下面銀白色的側線; 末梢部地的背鰭與臀鰭黑色的葉.(參考文獻 3197) 在側邊上幼魚有深褐色的條紋。 (參考文獻 3197)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Marine, coastal pelagic species (Ref. 57392). Adults are found in coastal waters including estuaries. Occasionally entering lower reaches of rivers like the Kunene and Orange Rivers in Namibia (Ref. 52863). Juveniles often entering estuaries (Ref. 57392). Feed mainly on fish; juveniles prefer crustaceans (Ref. 4332). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Popular game fish (Ref. 3197).

偶然地進入庫內河與橘河的下游。 (參考文獻 52863) 發現於沿岸水域包括河口了。 主要吃魚; 稚魚偏愛甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 4332) 受歡迎的遊釣魚類.(參考文獻 3197)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

東大西洋: 比斯開灣南部到南非, 包括地中海。 西印度洋: 南非至 Delagoa 海灣, Lourenco 捕拿特許。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | 合作者

Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 May 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生態學
Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
仔魚
稚魚動力學
Distribution
國家
FAO區域
生態系
發現紀錄
簡介
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
腦重體重比
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
游泳類型
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚的聲音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺傳學
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水產養殖描述
品種
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
合作者
References
參考文獻

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網路資源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因組, 核甘 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 國家資料庫 | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公眾的水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: , 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 16.2 - 29, mean 26.3 °C (based on 478 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00996 - 0.01827), b=2.94 (2.85 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.76, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (57 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 36.6 [20.7, 79.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.26 [0.69, 2.33] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [19.3, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.346 [0.200, 0.608] g/100g; Selenium = 24.1 [12.4, 44.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.68 [2.53, 33.46] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.372, 0.751] mg/100g (wet weight);