Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển gần đáy; Mức độ sâu 10 - 250 m (Ref. 109259). Tropical
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Ghana.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 109259); common length : 15.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 109259)
Short description
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Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 50 - 58. This species is distingusihed by the following characters: body oval, stocky, laterally compressed; greatest depth in anterior one-third with moderate anterior and more gradual posterior taper beyond this point; head relatively large, broadly rounded anteriorly; short snout rounded; eyes separated by small, concave, interorbital space; mouth symphysis reaching vertical through middle of lower eye; ocular-side anterior nostril tubular, reaching beyond anterior margin of lower eye; blind-side anterior nostril tubular; D 50-58, fin's origin anterior to vertical through anterior margin of eyes; A 40-45; dorsal and anal fins are not connected to caudal peduncle; caudal peduncle very distinct; pectoral-fin rays 5-6 on ocular side, absent on blind side; scales trapezoid, very rough; pored lateral line scales 52-54, supratemporal branch of lateral line not distinct. Colour: ocular side is greyish or reddish brown with darker spots or irregular bands, the dorsal and anal fins with alternating series of 1 or 2 lightly pigmented and 4 to 6 darkly pigmented fin rays, the pectoral fin darker than body colour; blind side whitish (Ref. 109259).
This demersal species is found on sand and mud bottoms on the continental shelf (10-250 m), and also occurring frequently near plant growth. Common length between 10 and 15 cm SL. Taken in by bottom trawls and shore seines. Marketed fresh in some countries, rejected in others (Ref. 109259).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Carpenter, K.E. and N. De Angelis (eds.), 2016. The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and sea turtles. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome, FAO. pp. 2343-3124. (Ref. 109259)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = No PD50 data [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00623 - 0.01842), b=3.09 (2.94 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
