Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 1 - 25 m (Ref. 9407). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: India eastward through Indonesia to New Guinea, northward to southern Japan, southward to northern Australia.
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 48637)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 10; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 9 - 10. Body covered with prickles. White lines encircling eye (Ref. 559).
Occurs in shallow water reefs near sand or seaweed areas. Also found in estuaries and protected muddy bays; juveniles in mangroves and entering the lower reaches of streams (Ref. 9407, 48637). Solitary (Ref. 90102). Adults at moderate depths, often laying on the mud during the day (Ref. 48637).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: nicht kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2442 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02951 (0.01562 - 0.05576), b=2.89 (2.73 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.3 [14.4, 96.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.545 [0.279, 1.186] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.058, 0.209] g/100g; Selenium = 30.2 [15.3, 64.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.6 [12.5, 169.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.11 [0.74, 1.67] mg/100g (wet weight);
