分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Smith.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 1 - ? m. 熱帶; 13°S - 28°S
Southeast Atlantic: Angola to South Africa.
東南大西洋: 安哥拉到南非。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 46.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3198); 最大體重: 19.3 kg (Ref. 3670); 最大年齡: 50 年 (Ref. 37572)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9.
Found inshore over sandy bottoms. Feeds on sand mussels, worms and crabs. Protandrous (Ref. 4332), but some specimens with both male and female gonads well-developed at the same time (Ref. 3198). Commonly fished between October and March (Ref. 36731). A popular angling fish and an important food fish.
發現於岸邊沙質底部之上了。 吃沙子貽貝，蠕蟲與螃蟹。 雄性先熟的 (參考文獻 4332), 但是同時一些標本有兩者的雄魚與雌魚生殖腺發展良好的.(參考文獻 3198) 通常在十月與三月之間捕獲。 (參考文獻 36731) 一個受歡迎的垂釣魚種與一個重要的食用魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
東南大西洋: 安哥拉到南非。
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) ; Date assessed: 02 December 2009
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00769 - 0.02979), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.09; tm=4.8-9.7; tmax=50).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 50.9 [26.6, 99.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.707 [0.383, 1.290] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.7, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.21 [0.13, 0.35] g/100g; Selenium = 83.4 [37.5, 171.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.4 [6.0, 69.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.72, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight);
