Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 0 - 55 m (Ref. 26165), usually 5 - 35 m (Ref. 27115). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 27115); 35°N - 36°S, 24°E - 169°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and Natal, South Africa to Niue (Ref. 37816), north to Japan, south to Australia. Recorded from Europa Island (MNHN 1992-0508).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9710); 7.0 cm TL (female)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 10; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 15 - 17; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 6 - 7. Color patterns vary from one locality to another.
Adults are found above coral outcrops or patch reefs of clear lagoons, channels, or outer reef slopes. Form large aggregations. Feed on zooplankton (Ref. 6113). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Males are territorial and haremic (Ref. 9710). Color patterns and size of sexual transition very slightly from one locality to the next. Total length for females from Ref. 9137.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Pelagic spawner. A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Females are induced to change sex by removal of males from social groups (Ref. 38802). Sex-reversal is completed in 2-4 weeks after male removal in the area, or 170-280 days in an all female group (Ref. 34185, 34249, 34250). Length at sex change = 5.0 cm TL (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 103751.
Successful males spawn nightly with successive females (Ref. 37816).
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 28.9, mean 27.6 °C (based on 1000 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.1 [47.1, 158.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.796 [0.436, 1.349] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.104, 0.269] g/100g; Selenium = 26.4 [15.1, 50.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 207 [72, 672] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.48 [0.99, 2.13] mg/100g (wet weight);
