Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 1 - 100 m (Ref. 48391). Tropical; 31°N - 28°S, 32°E - 144°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Line and Tuamoto islands, North to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, South to the Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, and the Austral Islands (Ref. 33390). Mention from Hawaii Is., but likely to be aquarium releases (Ref. 58302). Not found in Easter Island, Rapa and the Marquesan Islands (Ref. 48391).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 25.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 30573); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 14 Tahun (Ref. 72479)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 13 - 14; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 17 - 21; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 18 - 21.
Juveniles are encountered under ledges, or in holes of outer lagoon patch reefs or semi-protected areas of exposed channels and outer reef flats. Subadults move to reef front holes and surge channels. Large adults inhabit ledges and caves in areas of rich coral growth on clear lagoon, channel, or seaward reefs (Ref. 6113). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on sponges and other encrusting organisms (Ref. 6113); also on tunicates. Form pairs. Young and adults may clean much larger fishes such as sunfish (Ref. 48636). Frequently exported through the aquarium trade. Juveniles are distinguished by a white dorsal-fin margin (Ref. 48391).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1496 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01462 - 0.04317), b=2.87 (2.73 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.05 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 16.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.1 [16.0, 61.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.475 [0.267, 0.836] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.0941 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 39.9 [18.9, 92.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68 [14, 303] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [0.9, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
