分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 24 - 90 m (Ref. 11441). 熱帶; 27°N - 13°S, 39°E - 158°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Oman to Kenya, including Laccadive Islands, India, Sri Lanka, and the Andaman Islands. Not reported in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Known also from Indonesia, Sarawak of Malaysia, New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and the Philippines.
印度-西太平洋: 阿曼灣到肯亞，包括印度的拉克代夫群島，斯里蘭卡, 與安達曼群島。 不在紅海與波斯灣報告。 也已知來自印尼，馬來西亞，新幾內亞，巴布亞新幾內亞，索羅門群島與菲律賓的砂勞越了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 41 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 89707); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 6.4 kg (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 17 - 19; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head, body and fins purplish grey to brownish grey; head with brown to golden brown dots and wavy longitudinal lines of the same colour on the dorsal part of the body (lines faint of absent on large specimens); narrowly blackish margin of spinous dorsal fin; body depth contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, notch above angle and enlarged serrae at angle; straight or slightly concave upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils or slightly larger posterior nostril; maxilla reaches to vertical at rear edge of eye; ventral edge of maxilla in adults with prominent knob or hook-like process; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
眼间隔凸状; 前鳃盖骨有角的, 具有一个在角落与锯齿上面的凹槽增大的; 鳃盖的上缘笔直地或些微地凹曲; 鼻孔几乎相等的或后面的一些些微地增大了; 颚骨达到垂直的在眼睛后缘; 在颚骨的腹边缘上成鱼有一个突出的疖瘤或者钩状的突起。 (被上嘴唇盖着了) 整体的色彩是带紫色的灰色到灰褐色, 藉由在身体的背部部份上的在头部与相同的颜色的纵向波浪联机的褐色到金褐色点; 刺状的背鳍有狭窄的黑色边缘。
Lives on muddy open substrate, seeking refuge in holes in the mud or with solid structures, shipwrecks or debris. A flighty species (Ref; 48635). Also found on banks (Ref. 5222). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (stomatopods), shrimps, and pelagic tunicates (Thalia and Pyrosoma sp.) (Ref. 5222). Solitary (Ref 90102).
生活在被在泥中的洞中寻找藏身处或者有坚硬的结构，遇难船或残砾的泥泞的开放性的底层。 一个容易受惊的种 (参考文献; 48635)。 也发现于浅堆。 (参考文献 5222) 吃小鱼与甲壳动物 (口足目甲壳类) ，虾与大洋性被囊类 ( 泰丽亚 与 Pyrosoma sp.) 。 (参考文献 5222)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 阿曼灣到肯亞，包括印度的拉克代夫群島，斯里蘭卡, 與安達曼群島。 不在紅海與波斯灣報告。 也已知來自印尼，馬來西亞，新幾內亞，巴布亞新幾內亞，索羅門群島與菲律賓的砂勞越了。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.9 - 28.6, mean 27.5 °C (based on 499 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00423 - 0.01239), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
