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Epinephelus bontoides (Bleeker, 1855)

Palemargin grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Epinephelus bontoides   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus bontoides (Palemargin grouper)
Epinephelus bontoides
Picture by Greenfield, J.

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 23°N - 11°S, 120°E - 154°E (Ref. 5222)

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Western Pacific: Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Solomon Islands (Ref. 4787) and New Britain.

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5222)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 16 - 17; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 8. Characterized by grey brown color with scattered reddish brown to black spots; narrow pale margins on dark grey fins; body scales ctenoid, except cycloid scales dorsally and ventrally; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.8-3.2 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins, 1.9-2.3 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; interorbital area flat to slightly convex, almost straight dorsal head profile; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, ventral serrae slightly enlarged; straight upper edge of operculum; maxilla reaches past rear edge of eye; 2 or 3 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 089707).

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Found on mud or rocky or cobble bottoms (Ref. 089707). The species appears to be one of the rarest groupers in the Indo-Pacific region, nothing has been published on its biology. Solitary (Ref 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

  Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Harmless





Utilização humana

Pescarias: sem interesse
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Fontes da internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Espécies | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoma, nucleotídeo | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de dados nacionais | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia: ir para, procurar | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Registo zoológico

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 27.9 - 29.2, mean 28.8 °C (based on 557 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00568 - 0.02430), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 42.1 [20.0, 85.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.549 [0.303, 1.156] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.079, 0.203] g/100g; Selenium = 26.6 [15.1, 46.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 240 [66, 866] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.51 [1.03, 2.11] mg/100g (wet weight);