Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; diepte 1 - 15 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 27°N - 30°S, 32°E - 63°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman and south coast of Arabian Peninsula, Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar, and coast of Africa from Kenya to Durban, South Africa.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 85.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5213); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 10.5 kg (Ref. 5222)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 18 - 19; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 9 - 10. Distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth, 2.4-2.6 times in SL; eye diameter much less than snout length, 7.2-8.1 in HL; preopercle serrate, serrae covered by skin; opercular spines not readily visible; slightly concave or straight dorsal head profile; caudal fin rounded or truncate with rounded corners; smooth scales, mostly covered by skin and auxiliary scales (Ref. 089707).
A rare species seen on shallow waters of sheltered, turbid coastal rocky or coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Morgans (1982, Ref. 6448) reports shoaling behavior in small groups (8 or fewer individuals). Examination of stomach contents reveal fish remains.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: visserij voor eigen gebruik
Tools
Speciale rapporten
Download XML
Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.1 - 28.8, mean 27.3 °C (based on 419 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00558 - 0.02364), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
