分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 1 - 64 m, usually 4 - 30 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S, 29°E - 171°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: Kenya to southern Mozambique eastward to the western Pacific. Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Not reported from oceanic islands in the Indian Ocean, except for Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar, and the Andaman and Lakshadweep islands. Unknown from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and from the islands of Micronesia except for Palau. Record from Rodriguez by Heemstra & Randall (1984, Ref. 3153) could not be verified and is probably erroneous (Ref. 33390).
印度-西太平洋: 肯亞到莫三比克南部向東至西太平洋。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 不記錄自印度洋的大洋性島嶼, 除了亞達伯拉，科摩洛，馬達加斯加與安達曼群島與拉克沙群島。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣, 而且從密克羅尼西亞的島嶼除了帛琉。 從羅德里格斯記錄由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153) 無法確認而且可能是錯誤的.(參考文獻 33390)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 12.2, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48635); 最大年龄: 11 年 (Ref. 45317)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Brownish to greenish grey with dusky vertical bands over the body. White margins and black sub-margins on the median fins (Ref. 48635). Preopercle rounded, very finely serrate; no enlarged spines at angle, lower edge fleshy; characterized further by having ctenoid scales on body including abdomen; greatest depth of body 2.6-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins not usually reaching anus, 1.6-2.1 in head length (Ref. 90102).
褐色的到呈绿色的灰色有暗淡的在身体上的垂直条纹。 在中央的鳍上的白色的边缘与黑色的边缘附近.(参考文献 48635) 前鳃盖骨圆形的, 非常细锯齿状; 角落没有增大的棘, 下缘肉质的。
Mainly a coastal species (Ref. 48635). Inhabits silty dead reefs in protected waters. May also be seen on live coral (Ref. 089707). Secretive (Ref. 37816). Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 30531) and crustaceans (Ref. 089707). Courtship and pair spawning were observed by Donaldson (1989, Ref. 6900). Diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 45317).
主要地一个沿岸鱼种.(参考文献 48635) 在有遮蔽的水域中栖息于淤泥的死珊瑚礁区。 躲躲藏藏的.(参考文献 37816) 主要吃鱼 (参考文献 30531) 与甲壳动物。 求偶期与成对产卵被 Donaldson 观察了。 (1989, 参考文献 6900) 有双雄蕊的雌性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 45317)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 肯亞到莫三比克南部向東至西太平洋。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 不記錄自印度洋的大洋性島嶼, 除了亞達伯拉，科摩洛，馬達加斯加與安達曼群島與拉克沙群島。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣, 而且從密克羅尼西亞的島嶼除了帛琉。 從羅德里格斯記錄由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153) 無法確認而且可能是錯誤的.(參考文獻 33390)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1414 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01049 - 0.01582), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.7 [34.2, 104.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.613 [0.351, 1.150] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.6, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.110, 0.277] g/100g; Selenium = 35.1 [19.2, 60.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 169 [64, 524] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.610, 1.373] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
