分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders)
海鰱目 (Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae (Tenpounders)
海鰱科 (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Regan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). 熱帶; 41°N - 40°S, 92°E - 138°W
Indo-Pacific: from the Andaman Sea in the Eastern Indian Ocean to Western Australia and in the Pacific, from southern Japan to New South Wales and New Caledonia; throughout most of Oceania to the Hawaiian Is., Society Is., and Tuamotus (Ref. 86689). Currently treated as a single species, but this status should be considered provisional. Further studies may reveal a complex of closely related species, as in the case of Albula.
印度-太平洋: 在中西太平洋各處。 現在視為了一個種，但是這狀態應該被認為暫時的。 更進一步的研究可能顯示一個近親魚種的複合體，與 Albula 相同情況。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44894); common length : 50.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10983); 最大體重: 10.1 kg (Ref. 6736)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 23 - 27; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 18. A gular plate present between arms of lower jaw. Branchiostegal rays numerous, approximately 20-25. All fins without spines. Scales very small, approximately 100 in lateral line.
一個喉盤在下頜臂之間呈現。 鰓條骨很多的, 大約 20-25. 沒有棘的所有的鰭。 鱗片非常小的, 大約 100 在側線中。
A coastal fish, commonly entering lagoon, bays, and estuaries (including fishponds) (Ref. 2847, 58302), particularly around mangroves (Ref. 44894). Sometimes enters freshwater streams, but does not penetrate very far inland (Ref. 2847). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Younger fish often penetrate the lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 44894). An active swimmer, commonly traveling in schools in open water. Feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Little detailed knowledge exists of its biology. Has a leptocephalus larva. Spawning takes place offshore and young larvae are found in the open sea, moving close to shore as they develop. Juveniles commonly found in salt marshes, canals, and tidal streams. Marketed fresh or frozen; in some places ground up as fish meal. A good sport fish on light tackle, striking a variety of artificial lures as well as live shrimp or baitfish. No separate statistics available. (Ref. 10983).
一個海岸的魚, 通常進入潟湖，海灣與河口 (包括魚池)(參考文獻 2847,58302), 特別地紅樹林的周圍.(參考文獻 44894) 有時進入淡水溪流, 但是不會非常遠在內陸深入.(參考文獻 2847) 大洋底棲性魚種.(參考文獻 58302) 較年輕的魚時常深入河的下面淡水範圍。 (參考文獻 44894) 一位活躍的游泳者, 通常移動在群游於開放水域。 吃各種不同的魚與甲殼動物。 它的生物學特性詳細知識存在不多。 有一個狹首型幼魚幼體。 產卵發生外海與幼魚仔魚被發現於開放海域,當他們發育的時候，移動接近海岸。 稚魚普遍發現於含鹽的濕地，管與潮汐的溪流。 生鮮或冷凍地在市場上銷售; 在一些地方地面中提高如魚粉。 在被顯著的多種人造的餌的輕型漁具上的一個好垂釣用魚以及生活蝦或誘餌魚。 缺乏有用的個別統計資料。 (參考文獻 10983).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 在中西太平洋各處。 現在視為了一個種，但是這狀態應該被認為暫時的。 更進一步的研究可能顯示一個近親魚種的複合體，與 Albula 相同情況。
Smith, D.G., 1997. Elopidae. Ladyfishes, tenpounders. p. 1619-1620. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10983)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2710 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00256 - 0.01357), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.5 [47.6, 137.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.11 [0.70, 1.81] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [14.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.162 [0.090, 0.301] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [26.7, 100.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.3 [7.4, 44.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.994 [0.727, 1.368] mg/100g (wet weight);
