分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks)
角鯊目 (Bramble sharks) >
Echinorhinidae (Bramble sharks)
棘鯊科 (Bramble sharks)
Etymology: Echinorhinus: echinos (Gr.), spiny or sea urchin, referring to thorn-like denticles (brambles) on body; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, alluding to a shark’s jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); brucus: Latin for caterpillar, presumably referring to “Chenille” or “Chenille de mer” (Sea Caterpillar), local names for this shark along the Atlantic Coast of France (type locality) in the 18th century. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 10 - 900 m (Ref. 27121), usually 350 - 900 m (Ref. 45445). 深水域; 72°N - 55°S, 98°W - 173°W (Ref. 54427)
Western Atlantic: Virginia, Massachusetts, USA; Venezuela, Argentina. Eastern Atlantic: North Sea to Mediterranean, Morocco to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Indian Ocean: India, Mozambique, South Africa. Western Pacific: Japan, southern Australia, New Zealand. Records from Oman and Kiribati uncertain. Apparently absent in the Eastern Pacific (Ref. 6578).
西大西洋: 維吉尼亞, 美國麻薩諸塞州; 阿根廷。 東大西洋: 北海至地中海, 摩洛哥到南非好望角。 西印度洋: 印度，莫三比克，南非。 西太平洋: 日本，澳洲南部，紐西蘭。 來自阿曼的紀錄與吉爾巴斯不確定的。 顯然地不存在於東太平洋。 (參考文獻 6578)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 200 - ? cm
Max length : 310 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); common length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. The bramble shark Echinorhinus brucus has thorn-like denticles on body which are very large (single denticles up to about 15mm in basal diameter in adults), sparse irregularly distributed and thorn-like with smooth basal margins, some bases fused into compound plates. Dorsal surface dark purplish-grey to brown with white denticles, ventral surface paler; sides and back may have dark spots. Tooth count 20-26/21-26.As with the other member of the family Echinorhinidae, it has a relatively short snout and stout body; two small spineless dorsal fins, close together, towards posterior part of body and originating behind pelvic fin origin. No anal fin and subterminal notch on caudal fin. Small spiracles, very short labial furrows and teeth on both jaws alike, with a central oblique bladelike cusps with up to 3 cusplets on each side (absent in juveniles) (Ref. 247, 6871, 5578).
荊棘鯊魚 棘鯊〔Echinorhinus brucus〕 有在身體上的像刺一樣的細齒那是非常大的 (單一細齒達到大約在基部的直徑中的 15 mm 當成魚時), 稀疏的不規則地分佈了與像刺一樣的底邊平滑的, 一些基底融合成複合的碟了。 背面暗紫灰色褐色的有白色的細齒，腹面灰白; 側面與背面可能有深色斑點。 牙齒數目 20-26/21-26.與棘鯊科的另一個成員相較, 它有一個相當短的吻與矮胖的身體; 二個小的無棘背鰭, 靠攏在一起, 向身體後部而且在腹鰭起點後面開始。 沒有在尾鰭上的臀鰭與接近端位的凹槽。 小的呼吸孔, 非常短的唇溝而且一樣牙齒在雙顎, 具有一個中央的斜角刀狀尖端在兩邊 (不存在於稚魚) 上多達 3 cusplets.(參考文獻 247,6871,5578)
A rare (Ref. 26346), large, sluggish, deepwater shark found on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 247). Sometimes found in shallow water (Ref. 247). Feeds on smaller sharks, bony fishes, and crabs (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 15-26 young in a litter (26346). Never recorded as attacking people. Sometimes hooked by shore anglers (Ref. 5578). Processed into fishmeal. May be used in traditional medicine in southern Africa (Ref. 5578).
一隻稀有的 (參考文獻 26346) ﹐大的﹐和緩動性又深水的鯊魚發現於大陸棚與島嶼棚與上層斜坡了。 (參考文獻 247) 有時發現於淺水區。 (參考文獻 247) 吃較小的鯊魚，硬骨魚類與螃蟹。 (參考文獻 247) 卵胎生的 (參考文獻 205), 具有 15-26 幼魚在一胎.(26346) 從未記錄到攻擊人。 有時被岸釣者釣獲.(參考文獻 5578) 加工成魚粉了。 可能是在非洲南部中被用於傳統的藥。 (參考文獻 5578)
Ovoviviparous. 15 to 26 young in a litter (Ref. 26346). Size at birth between 29 and 90 cm. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at maturity unknown but adult males of 150 cm and adult females of 213 cm have been reported (Ref. 6871).西大西洋: 維吉尼亞, 美國麻薩諸塞州; 阿根廷。 東大西洋: 北海至地中海, 摩洛哥到南非好望角。 西印度洋: 印度，莫三比克，南非。 西太平洋: 日本，澳洲南部，紐西蘭。 來自阿曼的紀錄與吉爾巴斯不確定的。 顯然地不存在於東太平洋。 (參考文獻 6578)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.1 - 13.9, mean 8.5 °C (based on 1524 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00139 - 0.00949), b=3.13 (2.90 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec= 15-24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
